Practical Research

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Leedy, Paul D./ Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis 저자(글)

Prentice-Hall · 2000년 06월 01일

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저자(글) Leedy, Paul D./ Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis

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• Introduction xvii
  PART I THE FUNDAMENTALS 1 (46)
  What Is Research? 3 (11)
  What Research Is Not 3 (1)
  What Research Is 4 (5)
  Discovering the Discipline of Research 9 (1)
  Browsing the Periodicals Section of the 10 (1)
  Library
  Computer Prompt: Finding Journals on the 10 (1)
  Internet
  Practical Application: Evaluating the 11 (1)
  Research of Others
  Checklist: Reflective questions to consider 11 (1)
  when evaluating research
  Guidelines: Benefiting from Others' Research 12 (1)
  For Further Reading 13 (1)
  Tools of Research 14 (33)
  General Tools of Research 14 (1)
  The Library and Its Resources as a Tool of 15 (4)
  Research
  The Library of the Quiet Past 15 (1)
  The Library of the Stormy Present 16 (1)
  How to Access Knowledge Quickly and 16 (3)
  Efficiently
  Computer Prompt: The Computer and Its 19 (3)
  Software as a Tool of Research
  Taking Advantage of the Internet 19 (3)
  Accessing the Internet 22 (1)
  Learning More About the Internet 22 (1)
  Practical Application: Using the Internet 22 (1)
  to Facilitate Communication
  Practical Application: Using E-Mail 23 (1)
  Guidelines: Getting Started on E-Mail 23 (1)
  Measurement as a Tool of Research 24 (8)
  Measuring Insubstantial Phenomena: An 24 (3)
  Example
  Interpretation of the Data 27 (1)
  Four Scales of Measurement 28 (3)
  Validity and Reliability of Measurement 31 (1)
  Statistics as a Tool of Research 32 (1)
  The Lure of Statistics 32 (1)
  Primary Functions of Statistics 33 (1)
  The Human Mind as a Tool of Research 33 (4)
  Deductive Logic 34 (1)
  Inductive Reasoning 35 (1)
  The Scientific Method 36 (1)
  Critical Thinking 36 (1)
  Facility with Language as a Tool of Research 37 (2)
  The Value of Knowing Two or More Languages 38 (1)
  The Importance of Writing 38 (1)
  Practical Application: Communicating 39 (1)
  Effectively Through Writing
  Guidelines: Writing to Communicate 39 (2)
  Computer Prompt: Using a Word Processor 41 (1)
  Practical Application: Identifying 42 (1)
  Important Tools in Your Discipline
  Checklist: Interviewing an Expert Researcher 43 (1)
  Reflections on Significant Research 43 (1)
  For Further Reading 44 (3)
  PART II FOCUSING YOUR RESEARCH EFFORTS 47 (98)
  The Problem: The Heart of the Research Process 49 (21)
  Finding Research Projects 49 (2)
  Practical Application: Identifying and 51 (1)
  Describing the Research Problem
  Guidelines: Finding a Legitimate Problem 51 (1)
  Guidelines: Stating the Research Problem 51 (5)
  Checklist: Stating the research problem 56 (1)
  Dividing the Research Problem into 56 (3)
  Subproblems
  Subproblems Versus Pseudosubproblems 57 (1)
  Characteristics of Subproblems 57 (1)
  Identifying Subproblems 58 (1)
  Computer Prompt: Using Brainstorming 59 (1)
  Software
  Every Problem Needs Further Delineation 60 (3)
  Stating the Hypotheses and/or Research 60 (1)
  Questions
  Delimiting the Research 61 (1)
  Defining the Terms 61 (1)
  Stating the Assumptions 62 (1)
  Importance of the Study 63 (1)
  Ordering the Topics in a Research Proposal 63 (1)
  A Sample Research Proposal 63 (1)
  Dissertation Analysis 1 64 (2)
  Practical Application: Writing and 66 (1)
  Evaluating a Proposal
  Checklist: Evaluating your research plan 66 (1)
  Practical Application: Reappraising a 67 (1)
  Proposed Research Problem
  Guidelines: Fine-Tuning Your Research 68 (1)
  Problem
  For Further Reading 68 (2)
  The Review of the Related Literature 70 (21)
  Understanding the Role of the Review 70 (1)
  Beginning Your Search for Related Literature 71 (1)
  The Library's Book Collection 71 (1)
  Computer Prompt: Accessing a Library 71 (2)
  Catalog from Home
  Indexes, Abstracts, and Other General 71 (2)
  References
  Computer Prompt: Using CD-ROM Technology 73 (1)
  Online Searches 74 (1)
  Additional Resources for Your Literature 74 (1)
  Review
  Government Publications 74 (1)
  The World Wide Web 75 (1)
  Computer Prompt: Searching the Web 75 (1)
  Using the Citations and References Lists 76 (1)
  of Those Who Have Gone Before
  Practical Application: Conducting a 76 (2)
  Literature Search
  Guidelines: Using Your Library Time 78 (2)
  Efficiently
  Organizing the Information You Have 80 (1)
  Collected
  Computer Prompt: Creating Computer Databases 81 (1)
  Knowing When to Quit 81 (3)
  Practical Application: Beginning Your 84 (1)
  Review of the Related Literature
  Evaluating, Organizing, and Synthesizing 84 (1)
  the Literature
  Practical Application: Writing the Section 84 (1)
  on the Related Literature
  Guidelines: Writing a Clear and Cohesive 84 (2)
  Review
  A Sample Research Proposal 86 (1)
  Dissertation Analysis 2 87 (2)
  For Further Reading 89 (2)
  Planning Your Research Design 91 (31)
  Planning Your Research 91 (3)
  The Basic Format of All Research 91 (2)
  Research Planning Versus Research 93 (1)
  Methodology
  General Criteria for a Research Project 94 (1)
  The Data: Their Nature and Role in Research 94 (4)
  What Are Data? 94 (1)
  Data Are Transient and Ever-Changing 95 (1)
  Primary Data Versus Secondary Data 95 (2)
  Criteria for the Admissibility of Data 97 (1)
  Identifying Appropriate Measurement 98 (2)
  Instruments
  Determining the Validity of Measurement 98 (1)
  Instruments
  Determining the Reliability of 99 (1)
  Measurement Instruments
  Linking Data and Research Methodology 100 (3)
  Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative 101 (2)
  Approaches
  Considering the Validity of Your Method 103 (4)
  Internal Validity 103 (2)
  External Validity 105 (1)
  Validity in Qualitative Research 106 (1)
  Ethical Issues in Research 107 (4)
  Protection from Harm 107 (1)
  Informed Consent 107 (1)
  Right to Privacy 108 (1)
  Honesty with Professional Colleagues 108 (2)
  Internal Review Boards 110 (1)
  Professional Codes of Ethics 111 (1)
  Planning for Data Collection 111 (1)
  Practical Application: Choosing a Research 112 (1)
  Approach
  Guidelines: Deciding Whether to Use a 112 (1)
  Quantitative or Qualitative Approach
  Practical Application: Judging the 113 (1)
  Feasibility of the Research Project
  Checklist: Estimation sheet to determine 114 (2)
  the feasibility of the research project
  When You Can't Anticipate Everything in 116 (1)
  Advance: The Value of a Pilot Study
  Practical Application: Establishing 117 (1)
  Research Criteria
  Justifying the Research Methodology 117 (1)
  Practical Application: Developing a Plan of 118 (1)
  Attack
  Computer Prompt: Using Project Management 118 (1)
  Software and Electronic Planners
  Keeping an Optimistic and Task-Oriented 118 (2)
  Outlook
  For Further Reading 120 (2)
  Writing the Research Proposal 122 (23)
  Researcher and Architect: Planners in Common 122 (1)
  Characteristics of a Proposal 123 (3)
  A Proposal Is a Straightforward Document 124 (1)
  A Proposal Is Not a Literary Production 124 (1)
  A Proposal Is Clearly Organized 124 (2)
  Formatting a Research Proposal 126 (2)
  Formatting Headings and Subheadings 127 (1)
  Practical Application: Writing Your Proposal 128 (1)
  Guidelines: Writing the First Draft 128 (1)
  Guidelines: Revising Your Proposal 129 (1)
  Computer Prompt: Using Word Processing to 130 (3)
  Write Your Proposal
  The Importance of Interpreting the Data 133 (1)
  Practical Application: Planning Your 133 (1)
  Interpretation of the Data
  Guidelines: Describing Your Treatment of 133 (2)
  the Data
  Using a Summary Graphic 135 (1)
  Common Weaknesses in Research Proposals 135 (2)
  Practical Application: Strengthening Your 137 (1)
  Proposal
  Checklist: Features detracting from 137 (1)
  proposal effectiveness
  Final Thoughts About Proposal Writing 138 (1)
  A Sample Research Proposal 139 (1)
  Dissertation Analysis 3 139 (3)
  For Further Reading 142 (3)
  PART III QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES 145 (44)
  Qualitative Research 147 (25)
  The Nature of the Research Problem and 148 (1)
  Planning in Qualitative Research
  When to Choose a Qualitative Approach 148 (1)
  Qualitative Research Designs 149 (9)
  Case Study 149 (2)
  Ethnography 151 (2)
  Phenomenological Study 153 (1)
  Grounded Theory Study 154 (1)
  Content Analysis 155 (3)
  Collecting Data in Qualitative Research 158 (1)
  Observations 158 (1)
  Interviews 159 (1)
  Practical Application: Conducting 159 (1)
  Interviews in a Qualitative Study
  Guidelines: Conducting a Productive 159 (1)
  Interview
  Computer Prompt: Using Technology to 160 (1)
  Facilitate Data Collection and Transcription
  Organizing and Analyzing the Data from 160 (2)
  Qualitative Studies
  Computer Prompt: Using Computer Databases 162 (1)
  to Facilitate Data Organization and
  Interpretation
  Practical Application: Planning a 162 (1)
  Qualitative Study
  Checklist: Planning a qualitative study 163 (1)
  Criteria for Evaluating Qualitative Research 164 (1)
  Practical Application: Evaluating a 165 (1)
  Qualitative Study
  Checklist: Evaluating qualitative research 165 (1)
  studies
  A Sample Dissertation 166 (1)
  Dissertation Analysis 4 166 (4)
  For Further Reading 170 (2)
  Historical Research 172 (17)
  Historical Research: The Meaning of Events 172 (1)
  Data Sources in Historical Research 173 (1)
  Computer Prompt: Electronic Databases and 173 (1)
  Historical Data
  Evaluating and Interpreting Historical Data 174 (1)
  External Evidence 174 (1)
  Internal Evidence 174 (1)
  Considering Historical Time and Historical 175 (4)
  Space
  Historical Time 176 (2)
  Historical Space 178 (1)
  Practical Application: Handling Historical 179 (2)
  Data Systematically
  A Paper-Pencil Approach: Making Note 180 (1)
  Cards and Bibliography Cards
  Computer Prompt: A Computerized Approach to 181 (1)
  Collecting and Organizing Your Data
  Psychological or Conceptual Historical 181 (1)
  Research
  The Fascination of Searching for Roots 182 (1)
  Practical Application: Historical Research 182 (1)
  Writing
  Checklist: Comparing two records of a 182 (1)
  significant event in history
  Guidelines: Writing the Historical Research 183 (1)
  Report
  A Sample Dissertation 184 (1)
  Dissertation Analysis 5 184 (3)
  For Further Reading 187 (2)
  PART IV QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES 189 (94)
  Descriptive Research 187 (42)
  Descriptive Research Designs 191 (6)
  Correlational Research 191 (3)
  Developmental Designs 194 (1)
  Observation Studies 195 (1)
  Survey Research 196 (1)
  Using Checklists and Rating Scales 197 (2)
  Practical Application: Planning and 199 (1)
  Conducting Interviews
  Guidelines: Conducting Interviews in a 200 (2)
  Quantitative Study
  An Example in International Relations 200 (2)
  Practical Application: Constructing and 202 (1)
  Administering a Questionnaire
  Guidelines: Constructing a Questionnaire 202 (2)
  Guidelines: Maximizing Your Return Rate for

기본정보

ISBN	9780139603600 ( 0139603603 )
발행(출시)일자	2000년 06월 01일
쪽수	준비중