Internet Routing Architectures

0002/E2

Halabi, Sam/ McPherson, Danny 저자(글)

Cisco Press · 2000년 08월 23일

책 소개

Providing information on BGP4, as well as perspectives on internetworking routing architectures, this second edition is a resource for Internet routing solutions and scenarios. It is intended for the advanced networking computer science course and is a classroom text covering protocols and routine.

작가정보

저자(글) Halabi, Sam/ McPherson, Danny

목차

• The Contemporary Internet	p. 3
  Evolution of the Internet	p. 5
  Origins and Recent History of the Internet	p. 5
  From ARPANET to NSFNET	p. 7
  The Internet Today	p. 8
  NSFNET Solicitations	p. 10
  Network Access Points	p. 10
  What Is a NAP?	p. 11
  NAP Manager Solicitation	p. 11
  Federal Internet eXchange	p. 12
  Commercial Internet eXchange	p. 12
  Current Physical Configurations at the NAP	p. 13
  An Alternative to NAPs: Direct Interconnections	p. 14
  Routing Arbiter Project	p. 14
  The Very High Speed Backbone Network Service	p. 18
  Transitioning the Regional Networks from the NSFNET	p. 21
  NSF Solicits NIS Managers	p. 22
  Network Information Services	p. 23
  Creation of the InterNIC	p. 23
  Directory and Database Services	p. 23
  Registration Services	p. 25
  NIC Support Services	p. 25
  Other Internet Registries	p. 25
  ARIN	p. 26
  RIPE NCC	p. 26
  APNIC	p. 27
  Internet Routing Registries	p. 27
  The Once and Future Internet	p. 28
  Next-Generation Internet Initiative	p. 28
  Internet2	p. 30
  Abilene	p. 31
  Looking Ahead	p. 32
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 34
  References	p. 35
  ISP Services and Characteristics	p. 37
  ISP Services	p. 37
  Dedicated Internet Access	p. 37
  Frame Relay and ATM Internet Access	p. 38
  Dialup Services	p. 39
  Digital Subscriber Line	p. 40
  Cable Modems	p. 41
  Dedicated Hosting Services	p. 41
  Other ISP Services	p. 42
  ISP Service Pricing, Service-Level Agreements, and Technical Characteristics	p. 42
  ISP Service Pricing	p. 42
  Service-Level Agreements	p. 43
  ISP Backbone Selection Criteria	p. 43
  Demarcation Point	p. 50
  Looking Ahead	p. 53
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 54
  IP Addressing and Allocation Techniques	p. 57
  History of Internet Addressing	p. 57
  Basic IP Addressing	p. 57
  Basic IP Subnetting	p. 60
  VLSMs	p. 62
  IP Address Space Depletion	p. 65
  IP Address Allocation	p. 66
  Classless Interdomain Routing	p. 67
  Private Addressing and Network Address Translation	p. 79
  IP Version 6	p. 82
  Looking Ahead	p. 86
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 87
  References	p. 89
  Routing Protocol Basics	p. 91
  Interdomain Routing Basics	p. 93
  Overview of Routers and Routing	p. 93
  Basic Routing Example	p. 94
  Routing Protocol Concepts	p. 96
  Distance Vector Routing Protocols	p. 96
  Link-State Routing Protocols	p. 99
  Segregating the World into Autonomous Systems	p. 101
  Static Routing, Default Routing, and Dynamic Routing	p. 101
  Autonomous Systems	p. 102
  Looking Ahead	p. 107
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 108
  References	p. 109
  Border Gateway Protocol Version 4	p. 111
  How BGP Works	p. 112
  BGP Message Header Format	p. 115
  BGP Neighbor Negotiation	p. 116
  Finite State Machine Perspective	p. 118
  Notification Message	p. 120
  Keepalive Message	p. 122
  Update Message and Routing Information	p. 122
  BGP Capabilities Negotiation	p. 127
  Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP	p. 128
  TCP MD5 Signature Option	p. 129
  Looking Ahead	p. 131
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 132
  References	p. 133
  Effective Internet Routing Designs	p. 135
  Chapter Tuning BGP Capabilities	p. 137
  Building Peer Sessions	p. 137
  Physical Versus Logical Connections	p. 139
  Obtaining an IP Address	p. 140
  Authenticating the BGP Session	p. 140
  BGP Continuity Inside an AS	p. 141
  Synchronization Within an AS	p. 142
  Sources of Routing Updates	p. 144
  Injecting Information Dynamically into BGP	p. 144
  Injecting Information Statically into BGP	p. 147
  Origin of Routes	p. 148
  An Example of Static Versus Dynamic Routing: Mobile Networks	p. 150
  Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors	p. 150
  The Routing Process Simplified	p. 152
  BGP Routes: Advertisement and Storage	p. 153
  The BGP Routing Information Bases	p. 154
  Routes Received from Peers	p. 155
  Input Policy Engine	p. 155
  Routes Used by the Router	p. 155
  Output Policy Engine	p. 156
  Routes Advertised to Peers	p. 156
  Sample Routing Environment	p. 156
  BGP Decision Process Summary	p. 158
  Controlling BGP Routes	p. 159
  BGP Path Attributes	p. 160
  NEXT_HOP Behavior on Multiaccess Media	p. 172
  NEXT_HOP Behavior Over Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media	p. 173
  Use of next-hop-self versus Advertising DMZ	p. 174
  Using Private ASs	p. 175
  AS_PATH and Route Aggregation Issues	p. 177
  AS_PATH Manipulation	p. 178
  Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation	p. 180
  Inbound and Outbound Filtering	p. 181
  The Route Filtering and Manipulation Process	p. 182
  Peer Groups	p. 190
  BGP-4 Aggregation	p. 192
  Aggregate Only, Suppressing the More-Specific Routes	p. 192
  Aggregate Plus More-Specific Routes	p. 193
  Aggregate with a Subset of the More-Specific Routes	p. 195
  Loss of Information Inside Aggregates	p. 196
  Changing the Attributes of the Aggregate	p. 196
  Forming the Aggregate Based on a Subset of the More-Specific Routes	p. 196
  Looking Ahead	p. 197
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 199
  References	p. 201
  Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing	p. 203
  Redundancy	p. 203
  Geographical Restrictions Pressure	p. 204
  Setting Default Routes	p. 205
  Symmetry	p. 210
  Load Balancing	p. 210
  Specific Scenarios: Designing Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing	p. 212
  Single-Homing	p. 213
  Multihoming to a Single Provider	p. 213
  Multihoming to Different Providers	p. 223
  Customers of the Same Provider with a Backup Link	p. 228
  Customers of Different Providers with a Backup Link	p. 231
  Looking Ahead	p. 236
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 237
  References	p. 239
  Controlling Routing Inside the Autonomous System	p. 241
  Interaction of Non-BGP Routers with BGP Routers	p. 241
  Injecting BGP into the IGP	p. 241
  Following Defaults Inside an AS	p. 242
  BGP Policies Conflicting with Internal Defaults	p. 244
  Defaults Inside the AS: Primary/Backup BGP Policy	p. 244
  Defaults Inside the AS: Other BGP Policies	p. 250
  Policy Routing	p. 252
  Policy Routing Based on Traffic Source	p. 252
  Policy Routing Based on Traffic Source/Destination	p. 253
  Policy Routing Defaults to Dynamic Routing	p. 254
  Other Applications of Policy Routing	p. 255
  Looking Ahead	p. 257
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 258
  Controlling Large-Scale Autonomous Systems	p. 261
  Route Reflectors	p. 261
  Internal Peers Without Route Reflectors	p. 262
  Internal Peers with Route Reflectors	p. 263
  Naming Conventions and Rules of Operation	p. 264
  Redundancy Issues and Multiple Route Reflectors in an AS	p. 265
  Route Reflection Topology Models	p. 266
  Route Reflectors and Peer Groups	p. 269
  Confederations	p. 271
  Confederation Drawbacks	p. 273
  Route Exchange and BGP Decisions with Confederations	p. 274
  Recommended Confederation Design	p. 274
  Confederations Versus Route Reflectors	p. 275
  Controlling IGP Expansion	p. 275
  Segmenting the AS with Multiple Regions Separated by IBGP	p. 277
  Segmenting the AS with Multiple Regions Separated by EBGP	p. 279
  Looking Ahead	p. 283
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 284
  References	p. 285
  Designing Stable Internets	p. 287
  Route Instabilities on the Internet	p. 287
  IGP Instability	p. 287
  Faulty Hardware	p. 288
  Software Problems	p. 288
  Insufficient CPU Power	p. 288
  Insufficient Memory	p. 289
  Network Upgrades and Routine Maintenance	p. 289
  Human Error	p. 290
  Link Congestion	p. 290
  BGP Stability Features	p. 290
  Controlling Route and Cache Invalidation	p. 291
  BGP Route Refresh	p. 291
  Route Dampening	p. 292
  Looking Ahead	p. 296
  Frequently Asked Questions	p. 297
  Internet Routing Device Configuration	p. 299
  Configuring Basic BGP Functions and Attributes	p. 301
  Building Peering Sessions	p. 301
  Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation	p. 308
  BGP Route Maps	p. 308
  Prefix Lists	p. 310
  Identifying and Filtering Routes Based on the NLRI	p. 312
  Identifying and Filtering Routes Based on the AS_PATH	p. 315
  Peer Groups	p. 316
  Sources of Routing Updates	p. 318
  Injecting Information Dynamically into BGP	p. 318
  Injecting Information Statically into BGP	p. 325
  Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors	p. 326
  BGP Attributes	p. 328
  The NEXT_HOP Attribute	p. 331
  The AS_PATH Attribute	p. 332
  The LOCAL_PREF Attribute	p. 335
  The MULTI_EXIT_DISC Attribute	p. 337
  The COMMUNITY Attribute	p. 340
  BGP-4 Aggregation	p. 342
  Aggregate Only, Suppressing the More-Specific	p. 343
  Aggregate Plus More-Specific Routes	p. 346
  Aggregate with a Subset of the More-Specific Routes	p. 350
  Loss of Information Inside Aggregates	p. 354
  Changing the Aggregate's Attributes	p. 357
  Forming the Aggregate Based on a Subset of Specific Routes	p. 359
  Looking Ahead	p. 361
  Configuring Effective Internet Routing Policies	p. 365
  Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing	p. 365
  Dynamically Learned Defaults	p. 365
  Statically Set Defaults	p. 367
  Multihoming to a Single Provider	p. 370
  Multihoming to Different Providers	p. 384
  Customers of the Same Provider with a Backup Link	p. 388
  Customers of Different Providers with a Backup Link	p. 391
  Following Defaults Inside an AS	p. 395
  BGP Policies Conflicting with the Internal Default	p. 398
  Policy Routing	p. 411
  Route Reflectors	p. 415
  Confederations	p. 419
  Controlling Route and Cache Invalidation	p. 424
  BGP Soft Reconfiguration	p. 425
  Outbound Soft Reconfiguration	p. 425
  Inbound Soft Reconfiguration	p. 425
  BGP Route Refresh	p. 429
  BGP Outbound Request Filter Capability	p. 431
  Route Dampening	p. 432
  Looking Ahead	p. 435
  Appendixes	p. 439
  BGP Command Reference	p. 441
  References for Further Study	p. 449
  Interesting Organizations	p. 449
  Research and Education	p. 449
  Miscellaneous	p. 449
  Books	p. 450
  TCP/IP-Related Sources	p. 450
  Routing-Related Sources	p. 450
  Internet Request For Comments	p. 450
  BGP Outbound Route Filter (ORF)	p. 455
  When to Use BGP ORF	p. 455
  Configuration	p. 456
  Enabling the BGP ORF Capability as Send-Mode	p. 456
  Enabling the BGP ORF Capability as Receive-Mode	p. 456
  Ensuring Backward Compatibility of the Old Knobs	p. 457
  EXEC Commands	p. 457
  Pushing Out A Prefix List and Receiving a Route Refresh from a Neighbor	p. 457
  Displaying the Prefix List Received from a Neighbor	p. 458
  Displaying Changes to the Neighbor BGP Table	p. 458
  Closing Remarks	p. 458
  Multiprotocol BGP (MBGP)	p. 461
  The Motivation Behind the New Command-Line Interface	p. 461
  Organizing Command Groups in the New Configuration	p. 462
  Activate	p. 464
  Old Style	p. 464
  AF Style	p. 464
  Network	p. 465
  Old Style	p. 465
  AF Style	p. 465
  Peer Groups	p. 465
  Old Style	p. 466
  AF Style	p. 466
  Route Maps	p. 466
  Old Style	p. 466
  AF Style	p. 467
  Redistribution	p. 468
  Old Style	p. 468
  AF Style	p. 468
  Route Reflector	p. 469
  Old Style	p. 469
  AF Style	p. 469
  Aggregation	p. 469
  Old Style	p. 470
  AF Style	p. 470
  List of BGP Commands	p. 470
  Upgrading to the AF Style	p. 472
  References	p. 473
  Index	p. 475
  Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

기본정보

ISBN	9781578702336 ( 157870233X )
발행(출시)일자	2000년 08월 23일
쪽수	528쪽
크기	196 * 240 * 36 mm / 1043 g
총권수	1권
언어	영어